Going green is a hot topic in both chemistry and chemical engineering. Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Green engineering is the development and commercialization of economically feasible industrial processes that reduce the risk to human health and the environment. This book summarizes a workshop convened by the National Research Council to explore the widespread implementation of green chemistry and chemical engineering concepts into undergraduate and graduate education and how to integrate these concepts into the established and developing curricula. Speakers highlighted the most effective educational practices to date and discussed the most promising educational materials and software tools in green chemistry and engineering. The goal of the workshop was to inform the Chemical Sciences Roundtable, which provides a science-oriented, apolitical forum for leaders in the chemical sciences to discuss chemically related issues affecting government, industry, and universities.
The "greening" of industry processes - i.e., making them more sustainable - is a popular and often lucrative trend which has seen increased attention in recent years. Green Chemical Processes, the 2nd volume of Green Chemical Processing, covers the hot topic of sustainability in chemistry with a view to education, as well as considering corporate and environmental interests, e.g. in the context of energy production. The diverse team of authors allows for a balance between these different, but interconnected perspectives. The American Chemical Society’s 12 Principles of Green Chemistry are woven throughout this text as well as the series to which this book belongs.
Educating the next generation of chemists about green chemistry issues, such as waste minimisation and clean synthesis, is vital for environmental sustainability. This book enables green issues to be taught from the underlying principles of all chemistry courses rather than in isolation. Chapters contributed by green chemistry experts from across the globe, with experience in teaching at different academic levels, provide a coherent overview of possible approaches to incorporate green chemistry into existing curriculums. Split into three sections, the book first introduces sustainability and green chemistry education , before focussing on high school green chemistry education initiatives and green chemistry education at undergraduate and post-graduate levels. Useful laboratory experiments and in-class activities to aid teaching are included. This book is a valuable resource for chemical educators worldwide who wish to integrate green chemistry into chemical education in a systematic and holistic way. It is also of interest to anyone wanting to learn more about the different approaches adopted around the world in sustainability education.
The emerging field of green analytical chemistry is concerned with the development of analytical procedures that minimize consumption of hazardous reagents and solvents, and maximize safety for operators and the environment. In recent years there have been significant developments in methodological and technological tools to prevent and reduce the deleterious effects of analytical activities; key strategies include recycling, replacement, reduction and detoxification of reagents and solvents. The Handbook of Green Analytical Chemistry provides a comprehensive overview of the present state and recent developments in green chemical analysis. A series of detailed chapters, written by international specialists in the field, discuss the fundamental principles of green analytical chemistry and present a catalogue of tools for developing environmentally friendly analytical techniques. Topics covered include: Concepts: Fundamental principles, education, laboratory experiments and publication in green analytical chemistry. The Analytical Process: Green sampling techniques and sample preparation, direct analysis of samples, green methods for capillary electrophoresis, chromatography, atomic spectroscopy, solid phase molecular spectroscopy, derivative molecular spectroscopy and electroanalytical methods. Strategies: Energy saving, automation, miniaturization and photocatalytic treatment of laboratory wastes. Fields of Application: Green bioanalytical chemistry, biodiagnostics, environmental analysis and industrial analysis. This advanced handbook is a practical resource for experienced analytical chemists who are interested in implementing green approaches in their work.
The global fine and speciality chemicals industry is a vitalsegment within the chemical value chain, catering to a multitude of societal and industrial needs.Regulatory, sustainability and consumer forces have been constantlyshaping the business fundamentals of this industry. Developingvalue creation strategies, which embed economic, environmental andsocial sustainability components, will need a comprehensiveassessment of business, scientific and technological challengesfacing the industry. Sustainable Value Creation in the Fine and SpecialityChemicals Industry assesses sustainable value creation optionsagainst the backdrop of global mega trends that are defi ning thepresent and future course of the industry. It discusses innovativestrategies in feedstocks, R&D, technology, manufacturing,resource management and the supply chain as well as thesignificance of the bio-based chemical economy in enablingsustainable value creation in the fine and speciality chemicalsindustry. Topics covered include: • Transformation in the fine and speciality chemicalsbusiness • Sustainable management: evolution, transitions andtools • Research and technology directions • Resource optimization strategies • Bio-based chemicals, specialities and polymers • Sustainable practices in the fine and speciality chemicalsindustry • Sustainable value creation strategies Sustainable Value Creation in the Fine and SpecialityChemicals Industry presents a comprehensive overview of strategic options for sustainability management in theglobal fine and speciality chemicals industry. It will be avaluable resource for chemists and chemical engineers involved inthe design and development of economically, environmentally andsocially sustainable practices for the future.
The last decade has seen a huge interest in green organic chemistry, particularly as chemical educators look to "green" their undergraduate curricula. Detailing published laboratory experiments and proven case studies, this book discusses concrete examples of green organic chemistry teaching approaches from both lecture/seminar and practical perspe
This collection presents to the reader a broad spectrum of chapters in the various branches of industrial chemistry, which demonstrate key developments in these rapidly changing fields.
Green Chemistry - a new approach to designing chemicals and chemical transformations that are beneficial for human health and the environment - is an area that continues to emerge as an important field of study. Practitioners design to be more sustainable the materials, products, and processes that are the basis of our technologically advanced society and economy. Molecular designers are seeing new performance capabilities in the products, new efficiencies in the processes, and achievements in meeting the goals for protecting human health and the environment in a profitable way. Educators have recognized that Green Chemistry principles and practice have not been a part of traditional training in chemistry, and are not part of the skill sets of most practicing chemists. Leaders in Green Chemistry education have developed a wide range of new approaches, courses, tools, and materials that have been introduced and demonstrated in the chemistry curriculum in colleges and universities around the U.S. This ACS Symposium Series Book collects the current research and advances in the field of green chemistry, with an emphasis on providing educators with the knowledge and tools needed to incorporate recent information about this field into the chemistry curriculum. This volume is an outstanding resource for any chemical educator wishing to deepen, broaden, or begin the inclusion of green principles and practices into their teaching or research. Given the current interest in green chemistry, this timely book provides an invaluable snapshot of green chemistry education, highlighting best practices from the first decade of greening the chemistry curriculum.
Less than a month after the September 11, 2001 attacks, letters containing spores of anthrax bacteria (Bacillus anthracis, or B. anthracis) were sent through the U.S. mail. Between October 4 and November 20, 2001, 22 individuals developed anthrax; 5 of the cases were fatal. During its investigation of the anthrax mailings, the FBI worked with other federal agencies to coordinate and conduct scientific analyses of the anthrax letter spore powders, environmental samples, clinical samples, and samples collected from laboratories that might have been the source of the letter-associated spores. The agency relied on external experts, including some who had developed tests to differentiate among strains of B. anthracis. In 2008, seven years into the investigation, the FBI asked the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to conduct an independent review of the scientific approaches used during the investigation of the 2001 B. anthracis mailings. Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI's Investigation of the Anthrax Letters evaluates the scientific foundation for the techniques used by the FBI to determine whether these techniques met appropriate standards for scientific reliability and for use in forensic validation, and whether the FBI reached appropriate scientific conclusions from its use of these techniques. This report reviews and assesses scientific evidence considered in connection with the 2001 Bacillus anthracis mailings.
